France is undertaking a strategic economic transformation to bolster resilience amid global uncertainties. This includes reindustrialization, energy independence, defense modernization, and technological sovereignty. These initiatives aim to reduce reliance on external powers and position France as a leader in a more fragmented global economy.
Reindustrialization and Strategic Autonomy
 France is reversing decades of industrial decline, with more factories opening than closing in 2023. The “Green Industry” law has streamlined permitting and provided incentives to bring production back to France. This reindustrialization is complemented by a France +1 strategy, encouraging companies to diversify supply chains and reduce dependency on single countries, particularly China.
Energy Independence as a Security Imperative
 The energy crisis following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine prompted France to accelerate its energy transition. The government’s ten-year roadmap (PPE 3) includes €300 billion in investments to reduce fossil fuel use from 58% to 30% of national consumption by 2035. France plans to build at least six new nuclear reactors and invest in hydrogen, solar, and offshore wind.
Defense Modernization and Industrial Growth
 France’s defense transformation is another cornerstone of its strategic pivot. The 2024–2030 defense budget totals €413 billion, a significant increase from previous plans. This surge benefits national champions like Thales, which reported a 9.9% year-on-year increase in Q1 2025 revenue, reaching €4.96 billion.
Technological Sovereignty and Semiconductor Expansion
 Through its France 2030 plan (€54 billion budget), the government is boosting innovation in semiconductors, AI, and quantum computing. A major focus is reducing chip dependency. The €7.5 billion chip fab co-built by STMicroelectronics and GlobalFoundries in Crolles began production in 2024, backed by €3 billion in public support. This facility aims to supply high-demand automotive and industrial chips, enhancing Europe’s self-sufficiency in electronics.